international business environment Legal considerations Essay

The legal aspects are important for the business choice. Laws are different in every country. Laws would regulate business practice, define the manner and set down the rights and obligations. This made business have to run within the border set by law and definitely affects the efficiency and profitability when running business in that country. The type of legal system. The legal system in Spain and Korea is based on civil law, while court precedents are not granted official status as law. The Spanish legal system is based on comprehensive legal codes and laws rooted in Roman law, as opposed to common law, which is based on precedent court rulings. Because Japan occupied Korea from 1910 to 1945, the Korean legal system resembles the Japanese system. After the occupation however, there were attempts to adopt many aspects of the American legal system. It must be remembered that the first civilian government commenced only in 1992, and thereafter, increasingly more democratic reforms have taken place.1 Both countries use contracts and they are important for doing business in both countries. Neither Korea or Spain has advantage to the type of legal system. The protection of property right The definition of property right: In economics, property usually refers to ownership (rights to the proceeds of output generated) and control over the use of the means of production. They may be owned privately, by the state, by those who use it, or held in common by society.2 The world property right index 2012 shows the differences between the countries and the country’s world ranking. South Korea and Spain are both in the top 40 of the index. Spain ended this year on the 35th place and South Korea on the 40th place. The overall score off all the points together we can say that Spain compared with Korea is better in protection of property rights. In the figure on the next page we compare South Korea with Spain. The higher the score the better protection of property right. Property right is important for running a business because the better protect the better is the stability of the company. Overall score South Korea vs. Spain in the international world index 2012 The protection of intellectual property Intellectual property is a juridical concept which refers to creations of the mind for which exclusive rights are recognized. Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property rights include copyright, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and in some jurisdictions trade secrets. 4 South Korea has an government organization called KIPO. This is the governmental authority in charge of intellectual property in Korea. The mission of KIPO is to help Korea become an advanced country by providing legal and institutional administration for the creation and utilization of highly creative, value-added intellectual property and by promoting technological innovation and industrial development. In Spain the main law regulating intellectual property protection is the 1996 Int ellectual Property Law. With regard to industrial property, no single law covers all aspects. Instead, this is regulated by a package of different laws, including the Patent Law, trade mark law and the law on the legal protection of industrial designs5 In the international property right index, South Korea and Spain score exactly the same and ends on the 27th place. There are 130 countries in the index so the both are trustful countries. Corruption A country where corruption is low is a really important factor to choose for a country. Corruption costs a lot of money and affects the company negative. Korea has an independent commission against Corruption. The Korea Independent Commission Against Corruption is an independent commission that reports to the President in its fight against corruption and the consequent promotion of the clean administration of South Korea. In a coordinated  effort with other monitoring agencies, also known proverbially as watchdogs, the KICAC is involved in producing policies and orchestrating preventive activities.6 Spain has different organisations to fight against corruption. The Special Attorney General’s Office for the Repression of Economic Offences related with Corruption(ACPO) is the biggest and well known organisation in Spain. 7 According to the Corruption perception index Spain scores better than South Korea. The Corruption Perceptions Index ranks countries/territories based on how corrupt a country’s public sector is perceived to be. It is a composite index, drawing on corruption-related data from expert and business surveys carried out by a variety of independent and reputable institutions. The difference between the two countries is not that big but Spain would be a saver option. Labour law Spain and South Korea have both a minimum wage8. The minimum wage in Korea is lower than in Spain which is positive for the production costs. The maximum and average working hours in Spain are also lower than in South Korea. The maximum working hours in Spain are 40 hours a week and in South Korea 48. This is positive for the production because you can have longer days and the costs are lower as well. Forced labor and child labor are prohibited in both countries. In Korea children under the age of 18 may work under certain conditions. In spain the minimum age is 16. To do so, in Korea they require a special employment certificate from the Labor Ministry, which is rarely issued because education is compulsory until the age of 14. Children under the age of 18 who wish to work require written approval from their parents or guardians. Environmental law South Korea is connected with the AECEN. This is the Asian Environmental Compliance and Enforcement Network and there is an agreement between 16 Asian countries dedicated to improving cooperation with environmental laws in Asia. The mission of the Ministry of Environment in South Korea is to protect the national territory from threats of environmental pollution and  to improve the quality of life for the public. This includes ensuring the people of South Korea can enjoy the natural environment, clean water and clear skies. Furthermore, the Ministry aims to contribute to the global efforts to protect the Earth. In February 2008, the Korea Meteorological Administration became an affiliate of the Ministry of Environment to facilitate countermeasures against climate change In Spain the central government represents Spain in the European Union and transposes European legislation into Spanish law. It is responsible for adopting national legislation on the basic and common aspects of the environment. Both countries take the environment more than serious because it can effect business and people. The better and stricter the environmental law in the country the better and more effective you can produce your products. Nowadays the mission of most companies is to be green and fight against global warming. The regulations in Europe / Spain are more strict than in Asia what can be a reason to choose for Spain. The investment in expensive machinery and products to produce is maybe higher at the start but with better machinery companies can produce more cleaner and more effective. References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Spain http://www.korealaw.com/sub/information/boardView.asp?brdId=overview&brdIdx=1&gotopage=1&search=&search_string= http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/Korea-South-WORKING-CONDITIONS.html

Tips on Coping with Stress for College Students

I am sure the word ‘stress’ is a word that is very familiar to all of us – especially those who are studying foundation engineering. Stress is caused by the feeling of worry or pressure about a particular problem in life. For college students like us, stress or pressure is a result of high expectations that our family put on us. The pressure of competition among our friends too can cause to stress. No matter how you look at it, there is no way of escaping stress. Therefore, it is important that we find ways to cope with it to reduce the level of stress. The most important thing is to keep our body healthy. There are a number of things that we should do to ensure our health is always in good shape. Exercise is very important. It not only keeps our body healthy it also ensure our blood flows properly to the brain. Sitting and studying for hours without any movement can increase the level of stress. That is why it is advisable that you have half an hour break every two hours of your study time. It is during this break that you should do a few light exercises to keep your blood flowing. It is also advisable you go for walks, jogging or play sports to keep your mind healthy. Keeping the body healthy by merely doing exercise is not sufficient. It is also essential that we eat a balanced diet. Our body needs nutrition to produce energy to study. Besides, we must also ensure that we eat enough meals every day. Do not skip meals. A hungry stomach will only aggravate the situation and make us feel more stressed out. Hence for female college students, do not on diet in order to have a sexy body. You should always enjoy your foods Many college students cut down on their sleeping hours because they study late into the night. And the next day they have to wake up early. As a result, they come to college with a heavy head and headache. They force themselves to stay awake to concentrate in class, unfortunately they cannot. Therefore, study everyday, consistently in order to avoid last minute studying which will affect your health. The next important thing is to have a good study skill and technique. Join group discussions so that you can share ideas and thoughts among your friends. Learn how to study smart. Make notes and mind-map, these studying techniques will help you to study better. Have a check list to help you monitor the progress of your revision. If you have problem in certain subjects, you should spend more time on it. However, we tend to spend more time on our favorite subjects. As a result, this will affect your exam grade. Another way that can help us to cope with stress is by listening to some soothing music – something instrumental. According to the research, many have said that this type of music is helpful in lowering the stress level. I hope these tips will beneficial to all college students and wish you guys all the best in the foundation year.

Primal Fear – Psychology Connections

? Psychology 101 Spring 2010 Midterm Please answer the following questions based on the information contained in the movie and place in the drop box no later than 11:59 p. m. on FRIDAY 03/12/10; The film, Primal Fear is a psychological courtroom crime drama based on William Diehl’s novel of the same name. Steve Shagan and Ann Biderman wrote the movie’s adapted screenplay, which was brought to life by director Gregory Hoblit and released in 1996. Richard Gere stars as Martin Vail, a famed defense attorney who volunteers to represent a young boy accused of murder. Edward Norton plays the character of Aaron Stampler, a teenage alter boy charged with the gruesome murder of Archbishop Richard Rushman; who is portrayed by Stanley Anderson. Assistant District Attorney (and ex-girlfriend of Martin Vail) Janet Venable; played by Laura Linney, is assigned to prosecute Aaron’s murder case. Frances McDormand is cast as Doctor Molly Arrington, the Psychologist who discovers that Aaron suffers from Multiple Personality Disorder and has an alternate personality; a violent sociopath who calls himself Roy. Supporting performances: Alfre Woodard portrays Miriam Shoat, the Judge who presides over Aaron’s trial proceedings. John Mahoney is cast as John Shaughnessy, Chicago’s District Attorney. The beloved Archbishop of Chicago is brutally murdered in a gruesome manor; viciously stabbed multiple times, with letters and numbers carved into his chest, his fingers chopped off and eyes gouged out. Aaron Stampler is found fleeing the scene of the crime, covered in the Archbishop’s blood. After an extensive chase, the police eventually catch and apprehend Stampler. Criminal defense attorney Martin Vail watched the live man hunt on television; seeing an opportunity for publicity, Vail instantaneous met with Aaron and volunteered to represent his case. Vail questioned Aaron about the events that occurred before he was charged with The Archbishop’s murder. Aaron claims that he discovered the mutilated body of the deceased Bishop Rushman while attempting to return a book to Rushman’s library. Aaron also saw saw someone standing over The Archbishop’s body, who then attacked him; the last event he recalls before his memory blacked out. Nicknamed â€Å"The Butcher Boy† by the media, it appears that Aaron is already presumed guilty by the public. Martin Vail immediately starts the preparation of Aaron’s defense by gathering information about Aaron Stampler and Archbishop Rushman; Vail also orders a full psychiatric evaluation of Aaron. Assistant District Attorney Janet Venable is appointed to the prosecution Aaron’s case; on behalf of the state, she charges Stampler with first degree murder and seeks the death penalty as punishment. Janet Venable is not only the prosecuting attorney in Aaron’s trail, but also Martin Vail’s ex-girlfriend. Upon Vail’s investigation of The Archbishop, he discovers that Rushman invested money on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church which resulted in large losses of money to the city’s most powerful people; Vail also learned of the numerous death threats that were made to The Archbishop. In an attempt to find the exact cause of his black out and memory loss, Psychologist Molly Arrington performs a thorough psychological evaluation of Aaron. She discovers that years of abuse have caused Aaron to develop multiple personality disorder; Roy, Aaron’s alter ego is introduced to the audience. Martin encounters another of Rushman’s Altar boys, who accuses The Archbishop of sexual abuse and claims that such events can be proved by video recording; this uncovers the sinister truth of Rushman’s demonic secrets. Vail discovers the video in The Archbishop’s home; the tape displays Rushman forcing Aaron, his girlfriend Linda and the other Altar boy to participate in repulsive sexual acts. Vail rushes to the jail cell, confronts Aaron with his discovery, and accuses him of hiding the truth; Vail violently badgers Aaron, attempting to force a confession of guilt. After continuous harassment from Vail, Aaron snaps, causing his alternate persona â€Å"Roy† to surface and fight back against Vail. We learn that â€Å"Roy† killed The Archbishop and Aaron is truly insane. Martin Vail cannot change Aaron’s trial plea from â€Å"not guilty† to â€Å"guilty by reason of mental insanity†, Vail must come up with evidence that will prove Aaron’s innocence. During the trial proceedings, witnesses are questioned and Aaron is cross examined by Martin Vail and Janet Venable. Martin attempts to anger Aaron with the hope that it will trigger the appearance of â€Å"Roy†. After no success, Vail is finished questioning Aaron and Venable begins to ask him about his involvement in The Bishop’s murder. Aaron becomes enraged with Venable’s questions and attitude, he loses control of his anger and â€Å"Roy† replaces Aaron while on the witness stand. â€Å"Roy† curses at Venable, jumps from his seat and attacks Janet; threatening to break the A. D. A. ’s neck. The court officer’s eventually pry â€Å"Roy† from Venable and she is free from harm. â€Å"Roy† is handcuffed, taken from the courtroom and locked back into his jail cell. Judge Shoat pronounces Aaron Stampler medically ill and the trial is declared a mistrial. Martin Vail goes to Aaron’s cell and relays the good news; he will not be convicted of murder or face the death penalty and will instead be placed in a mental health facility. Upon leaving the jail cell, Vail is questioned by Aaron, who wonders if Ms. Venable’s neck is ok, and wants Vail to tell her he’s sorry for trying to harm her. Vail nods, and begins exiting the cell and comes to the realization that since the personality of â€Å"Roy† took over Aaron’s psyche while in court, he could not have known about his violent attack on Janet. Vail realizes that this means Aaron was faking his alternative personas and he tricked everyone into believing his innocence. Vail questions Aaron who admits to the fabrication of his entire act and claims that he murdered Archbishop Rushman in cold blood and got away with it. Martin Vail realizes he helped Aaron get away with murder; however he says nothing and slowly walks from the jail onto the street outside. â€Å"Primal Fear’s† main character is criminal defense attorney Martin Vail. Vail is a debonair, self-satisfied, egotistical legal hotshot; he flaunts his accomplishments, arrogance and enjoys seeing his name in the headlines. When Vail discovers a high profile murder case involving the mutilation of an Archbishop, he races at the opportunity to defend Aaron Stampler, the teenage boy accused of the crime. Vail’s character flaws are instantly presented to the audience, initially portraying a narcissist who’s only invested in defending Aaron for personal gain. After their interactions, Vail is troubled by his belief that Aaron is innocent. Martin Vail is motivated into unselfishness by the purity of Aaron Sampler. We begin to see the complexity of Martain Vail’s personality, and the multi-dimensions of his character. After indulging in hard liquor at a bar with a reporter, a candid conversation allows the audience to observe an extremely honest and sincere glimpse of the true virtues which motivate Martin Vail. During this vulnerable moment, Vail declares that he truly believes in the notion that all people are innocent until proven guilty, in the basic goodness of people; and he has faith that not all crimes are committed by bad people, some very, very good people do some very bad things. Judging Martin Vail’s initial actions during the start of the movie would result in a negative opinion Vail; we see him as selfish, cynical and corrupt. However, as Aaron’s story unravels and hidden secrets are revealed, we see Vail’s â€Å"multiple personalities†, and he evolves into a person with righteous morals and motives. â€Å"Primal Fear† has numerous victims who suffered because of the actions of other characters. The initial victim is Archbishop Rushman who is the victim of Aaron’s murder. However, another perspective could claim that Aaron was the victim of Bishop Rushman’s sexual abuse. Martin Vail could be seen as a victim of Aaron’s devious performance that tricked Vail and the court into believing in his insanity and innocence. Yet, the initial fame-loving behavior of Martin Vail and the selfish motives which encouraged his eagerness to represent Aaron Stampler was deceitful and Aaron’s best interest were exploited to better benefit Vail; these actions victimize Aaron. Psychology is used in â€Å"Primal Fear† in numerous ways. The movie’s main characters develop with complexity and are multidimensional in their emotions and behaviors. The film’s tagline; â€Å"sooner or later a man who wears two faces forgets which one is real†, explains this idea best. Our main characters all have multiple â€Å"faces†, and as the plot of Primal Fear develops, each character is faced with discoveries and revelations that change their ideas and alter their moral beliefs. Juxtaposition is literally exploding from every scene of this movie; and psychology can help us understand the motivations behind the characters actions. Martin Vail is initially a self obsessed, fame seeking, egotistical hotshot lawyer; who only does things that benefit him. As the film develops, events cause Vail to expose the more sincere parts of his motivations; as the outcome of Aaron’s trial looks grim, Vail literally portrays another side of his personality and we see a man who truly believes in the innocence of Aaron. This belief encourages Martin to work for the benefit of Aaron, and not concern himself with gaining any type of self profit. We see a transformation of Martin Vail as his actions go from selfish to selfless. The beloved and holy Archbishop Rushman is viewed as a savior and hero. When Rushman is found murdered, the media and people of Chicago paint image of Bishop Rushman as divine, righteous and saintly. Once again we discover information that changes our opinion of The Bishop from black to white. After Aaron’s fellow Altar Boy admits that Bishop Rushman had a dark, sinister secret; and he secretly forced Aaron, his girlfriend and him to perform numerous sexual acts on film. The Archbishop went from being regarded as holy to sexually satanic. The character of Aaron Stampler best portrays the ideas of psychology. Initially appearing weak and innocent, the stuttering Choir Boy illustrates a convincing story that causes the other characters and the audience to believe him. After appearing to have multiple personality disorder; Aaron is taken over by his alternative persona â€Å"Roy†, a violent sociopath who admits to murdering Archbishop Rushman. Aaron and Roy are complete opposite in their demeanor, actions and behaviors. At the end of the film we find that Aaron’s mindset it really that of Roy, and he had faked his entire shuddering and weak alternate personality. Martain Vail discovers this information too, and although he knows Aaron is a cold blood killer, he exits the jail and does not confess Aaron’s trick to anyone. Maybe Vail feels bad for Aaron because he was sexually abused, and he believes that Aaron killed the Archbishop because he terrorized his life; Vail may not think Aaron is an evil person, just a good person who did a very, very bad thing.

Writer's choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Writer's choice - Essay Example To her, the 6-year old protagonist is a symbol of the racially discriminated, belonging to the weaker sex and ultimately representing those who are unable to fight for their basic rights. She is the epitome of the Black race, considered to be survivors because they are rough and tough. Similarly, Henry Giroux uses the same approach to call the attention of his readers to see what the images after Katrina really meant. Racism, feminism and violence may be the thesis of Hook’s argument but Giroux shifts from racism to specifically point out the social issue on class, where the poor are involved. Katrina may be just a story of disaster to many people but to the second writer, it is a calamity that exposed the naked truth about how the poor are disregarded in America. During Katrina, decaying bodies of different colors including Whites, males and females, young and old; were left alone for several days. Giroux mentions that this shows how the poor are not given much attention; they were not the priority of the government. It may not be necessary to mention but perhaps, if only the cadavers will not become threats to the health of people and the political status of officials, they would have been totally

Societal effects on women and gambling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Societal effects on women and gambling - Essay Example mble to an extreme were considered as insignificant by percentage thus their unique problems associated with this growing phenomenon were largely ignored. Gambling venues are much more widespread than they were just 20 years ago and thus more accessible to everyone, including women. By some estimates, women who gamble have at least caught up numerically with their male counterparts. Other research has shown women are quickly exceeding the number of men as casino patrons. It is no surprise that women constitute more than their share of the growing number of people who have become problem gamblers. According to Barbara Proto of the Connecticut State Lottery, â€Å"Women are by far the fastest at-risk group of problem gamblers, and it’s eye-opening to me to see it’s you, it’s me, and it’s your neighbor† (â€Å"Gambling Addiction†, 2006). Problem gamblers of either gender experience many societal issues which negatively affect their lives as well as their family, friends and employer. The compulsion to bet is a drop in a pond whose influence expands out far beyond the individual. However, the societal issues that women face are more complex and perhaps more damaging than for men. The term ‘problem gambling’ refers to a continuing pattern of gambling which factors in the disruption of an individual’s social, personal or family life or their employment. Health experts regard this harmful activity as a compulsion or addiction when gambling begins to become more important to a person than the above mentioned aspects of their lives (Boughton, 2002). Problem gambling does not discriminate because it affects both women and men of all ages, incomes and backgrounds. Monetary and other dilemmas a gambler experiences can negatively affect the individual and others whose lives are inter-related. The family of the problem gambler suffers because well-intended promises aren’t kept and financial issues are a constant concern. Inter-personal relationships

Economic impacts of natural disasters on the United States Research Paper

Economic impacts of natural disasters on the United States - Research Paper Example Despite falling victims of such calamities for the last decades, efforts to perplex policy formulators have been evidenced. However, the policy makers are uncertain over what can be done to tackle the menace associated with the occurrence of the natural calamities (Yamamura, 2013). There has also been little guidance offered by academics, and this has greatly affected the bitty approaches employed in tackling the issue from a number of disciplines (Alexander). This paper seeks to analyze the economic impacts of natural disasters in the United States. From contemporary literature, the concept of natural disaster is used to refer to the geophysical events that are characterized by a substantial departure from the normal climatic conditions. For instance, the occurrence of a flood that signifies substantial departures from the mediocre rainfall level within a geographical region forms a typical natural calamity. In some instances, the occurrence of these calamities might be predictable and are known to follow some geographical and seasonal patterns as it happens for typhoons and hurricanes (Fang, 2012). Others show vast irregularity in their occurrence, as it takes the case of floods and earthquakes. It is trivial to distinguish between technological and natural hazards. Most technological hazards occur as a result of the activities of human beings. Other social hazards occur which too should be differentiated from natural calamities. Natural calamities have impacted the economy of the United States either positively or negatively for the many instances of their occurrence. In some cases, occurrence of natural disasters leads to infrastructural improvements and the adoption of better and improved technologies in the event of their occurrence. For instance, in a study discussing the earthquake that took place in Alaska in 1964, which provided for a chance of modernization and upgrade of the

Global marketing management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global marketing management - Assignment Example Brand name of M&S is considered as a status symbol. In the past years results show that M&S has been one of the most successful companies in London stock exchange. The financial position of M&S is quite impressive and profitability figures are commendable. M&S holds a spectacular position in consumer market and is the ultimate choice of people (Karol, 1985) (Peter, 2011) states that Georgia is one of the most booming economies in Europe. The country showed a lot of promise in the economic sector as it moved from 112th to 18th position in the countries where business has minimal restrictions. Georgia has proved to be an ideal place for investment and thus World Bank depicted is as the supreme economic reformer of the world. Georgia has been historically famous for the business activities and currently they have done immense development in transportation sector so that business growth would be ensured. Every company requires some strong marketing proofs and financial proclamation to enter into a new geographical boundary. Hence to support M&S entrance into Georgia, different marketing tools and techniques will be applied to support the arguments. In this regard PEST Analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces and Competitor Analysis will be applied. These models, tools and techniques will depict that whether M&S should enter into Georgia or not. PEST analysis is the primary marketing tool which illustrates various segments of a region and becomes an essential tool in the decision making of a business. PEST is an abbreviation of political factors, economic factors, socio-cultural factors and technological factors. Following are the deductions from PEST analysis. (Tbilisi, 2012) points out that the political situation of Georgia is very stable and encouraging. It’s a democratic state and laws have been made which guarantee the safety of foreign direct investment. The elections of October 2012 brought previous opposition to form new government

Network Security Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network Security Planning - Assignment Example White (2001) defines Cisco SAFE as architecture in security that offers guidelines for modular networks design approach (Cisco, 2010). This approach makes its ease for network designers to understand relationships thus proceed to execute security based on one module after the other unlike the traditional approach of implementing one broad approach for the entire enterprise. Despite its advantage of maximizing control and visibility, Cisco SAFE has limitations and this paper explores these limitations in detail and their impacts on network security. With Cisco SAFE, denial of service attacks is a widespread threat especially for organizations that do not implement protocol analysis in network security design. With poor protocol analysis, the network lacks significant pattern matching with IDS guaranteeing that the rules of each protocol are followed and this results to sending of both protocol related and unrelated data streams. Consequently, traffic is not valid and is an attack that bypasses security systems or an attack crashing the system due to invalid data presence in the intended system. DoS is overcome by ensuring that IDS in Cisco SAFE has the right knowledge of ordinary system protocols like UDP, TCP, FTP, and HTTP. A second limitation is distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). Without proper configuration of Cisco’s firewall Intrusion Detection System (IDS), organizational networks are subject to DDoS attacks preventing networks from bandwidth access (World, 2002). DDoS attacks consume entire business network bandwidth by attackers while Cisco IDS offers distinctive protection against DDoS by detecting attacks proactively and mitigate them. However, Cisco IDS requires configuration after router configuration to enable it to identify and block attacks prior to the occurrence of intrusion or unauthorized transactions and this calls for effective configuration of Cisco IDS. For any

Crafting and Executing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crafting and Executing Strategy - Essay Example Being an all-inclusive initiative, business strategic plan offers a platform for basic decisions essential in shaping and guiding the organization’s development and operations. A successful and effective organization plan addresses not only the organization’s actions and activities, but also it helps in the identification of determinants for its success. As defined, a business’s strategic plan is a comprehensive collection and evaluation of organization’s operations and processes used to systematically align and coordinate actions and resources with vision strategies and company’s mission over a specified planning period (Allison and Judy, 2005). The Importance of A Strategic Plan An effective strategic plan will help the Kinko printing company to reinforce its activities in order to be totally committed towards a continuous development. A strategic plan will as well allow the Kinko printing company to anticipate and adequately prepare for possible changes in the organization. A part from predicting future changes in the business, strategic plan will also offer an opportunity for Kinko printing company to evaluate and analyze its process and systems (Laycock, 2003). To facilitate success in the organization, it is essential for stakeholders to critically review the strengths and weaknesses of the organization’s systems and processes. A review of the organizational systems and processes will offer an opportunity for Kinko printing company to evaluate different process and systems in the company and make the necessary changes in the organization operations. Strategic planning will help Kinko Printing Company to identify the existing strengths in the company (Park and Dabney, 2001). Strategic planning will as well play a very essential role in helping the company to improve its decision-making processes. With an effective strategic plan in place, the Kinko printing company will be in a position to make effective day-to-day decisions that will facilitate the achievement of both long term and short-term goals of the organization. Furthermore, planning will significantly reduce stresses and confusion associated with abrupt action in solving emerging problems. Strategic plans will as well help the Kinko Printing Company in promoting effective stewardship (Barry, 2001). Through effective strategic plan, all stakeholders at Kinko Printing Company will be accountable to each other. Strategic planning will also play a very essential role in building trust among the company’s financiers. Despite helping the organization to use the available resources in a transparent and responsible manner, strategic planning will enable Kinko to promote effective stewardship. Mission Statement The Kinko Printing Company seeks to provide quality printing and other related solutions at a reasonable cost to its customers The Importance of the Mission Statement to Kinko Printing Company Mission statement will serve as ref erence point in explaining the purpose of the organization. Additionally, mission statement will serve as a reminder of the goals and aspirations of the company. The mission statement will also play a very essential role in informing the company’s employees and other stakeholders on the mission of the organization as well as the company’s long-term plans. A part from expounding on the long term aspirations of the

DoCoMo Essay Example for Free

DoCoMo Essay DoCoMo’s i-mode concept was a fresh air in the almost stagnant telecommunications market of Japan. They were ingenious enough to target the right market base along with exactly the right offerings. First of all, i-mode had the capability to keep its users connected to the internet all the time, everywhere. Apart from this, the internet services were content providers. Even though this somehow did limit the amount of websites a user can visit, the content websites were chosen in such a way as to fulfill the requirements of the target market. This was a unique way of connecting people to the internet and to each other which took everyone by storm. Young teens and adults were the main target market – a market that had a high priority to stay connected with friends and groups but didn’t have the proper means to. The cheapest way of being connected was the internet and the target market mostly didn’t even own PC’s or didn’t have the time or capacity to afford the more mobile versions of a PC (PDA’s, Laptops etc. ). This created a window of opportunity for DoCoMo’s i-mode in the sense that it provided users with a way to connect with each other without the hassle and expenses associated with owning a laptop or a PC. The target market being adults in 1999 had grown up by 2002. Competitors followed and gave i-mode a hard time as well. With the WAP standard becoming faster and cheaper, the new generation, which preferred media content more over simple text based content was switching to providers who were providing higher data speeds and more elaborate options such as video calls, Multi media messaging etc. ence DoCoMo’s main customer base was changing due to the advancement of time and change in preferences. Customers were no more interested in just ‘services’ and ‘fluff’ as i-mode started. They wanted more. Apart from a shifting market, i-mode was also facing other challenges. First of all, the up coming markets usage rate was a lot less than the previous o nes. This meant lesser revenue per user. Secondly, competition was increasing by the day. Even though i-mode was still the leader with 60% market share, firms like KDDI and J-Phone had come up with more exciting packages, better offers and better handsets with market shares at (and growing) 24% and 17% respectively. Policy changes at the national level too were forcing i-mode to make changes that were estranging it form its content providers and resulting in lesser profits due to the new, lesser monthly charges that were to go into effect soon. The marketing techniques used in the past by i-mode were effective in capturing their target market. Keeping in mind the changing market conditions of the present, those techniques will not work as effectively anymore. The new market needs something better. The reason competitors are speeding ahead is because the new services and cell phone models they have to offer. First of all i-mode will need to launch better phones and services that come with things like internet connectivity as standard rather than an exclusive service. Current advancements have ensured that internet connectivity is not an exclusive offer anymore, everyone is providing it. I-mode will have to yet again identify something unique. Marketing techniques again will have to be designed according to that new product offering. Furthermore, marketing techniques should not exclusively just target the youth. The reason being that the market matures too quickly (goes beyond the age bracket of youngsters – adult ages have a bigger cohort) and does not have the spending power that adults have either. Hence the marketing techniques and offering should be tailored to account for these issues as well. I-mode became popular in Japan but it cannot be replicated in other countries due to various reasons. The foremost reason being the paradigms dominant in other countries. Some markets prefer voice calls over text messaging and others prefer text messaging instead. Content providers in other markets do not see i-modes business model as a profitable opportunity either hence it is tough to implement the same structure where there are issues regarding the markets preferences as well as the suppliers. Hence, i-mode will have to tailor their product offering and marketing techniques according to the country they are entering. This is currently an issue that DoCoMo realizes and will hopefully tailor itself accordingly in order to enter new international markets.

Sense Of Horror In Monkeys Paw English Literature Essay

Sense Of Horror In Monkeys Paw English Literature Essay Jacobs creates a sense of horror in The Monkeys Paw by using a variety of literary techniques. As The Monkeys Paw was written in 1902, Jacobs makes the story scary in ways that are very different to modern horror films and books. We can tell that the story was written in the early twentieth century as it contains many details that would have been common in Victorian literature. One of the most obvious features from The Monkeys Paw that tells us that the story was written over a century ago, is the old-fashioned language that Jacobs uses. The language used throughout the story contains words such as rubicund and visage, which are not words that are commonly used today. Also, the fact that  £200 was considered to be a lot of money shows that the story was from a long time ago as  £200 is not seen as a large amount of money in the modern world. Other aspects of the story also show that The Monkeys Paw was written in the Victorian time period the fact that India was seen as a new, e xotic and unexplored country tells us that the story must have been written in a time when transport wasnt as easily available as it is today. In the story, when the Sergeant-Major tells the Whites about his exploration, they seem almost in awe of him as he is seen to be the bravest and most adventurous person that they have ever met because of his journey to India. The fact that Jacobs used a Sergeant-Major character is also another typical feature of Victorian literature. Finally, the household objects that the Whites use in The Monkeys Paw show that the story was not set in modern times. For example, the Whites use candles for light and heat their kettle on a fire as there was no electricity in Victorian times. As The Monkeys Paw was written over a century ago, Jacobs doesnt use explicit gory details to create horror like modern scary films and books. Instead, he uses subtle hints in most aspects of the story to build up an element of terror and one of these aspects is the way that Jacobs uses setting. The main way in which Jacobs uses setting to increase the tension in The Monkeys Paw, is the way that he creates contrast between the wild outside weather and the cosy atmosphere inside the Whites home. At the beginning of the story, Jacobs describes the night as cold and wet, whereas Jacobs describes the Whites home by writing the fire burned brightly. This contrast makes the reader associate the outside with dark, cold and bad while associating the inside with light, warm and good. There is one thing that is keeping the White family safe from the badness of the outside, and that is the blinds. The blinds are drawn in part 1 of The Monkeys Paw when the Whites are a cosy, normal family protec ted from grief and terror. However, in part 3 of the story when Mrs White is looking for Herbert to come back from the dead, Jacobs writes the old woman, with burning eyes, walked to the window and raised the blind. I think that the blind is a symbol for a barrier that protects the Whites from the danger of the outside and when Mrs White raises the blind to look for her son she lets some of that danger into her home. Also, the visitors bring some of the danger and badness from the outside into the Whites home when they visit. For example, when the Sergeant-Major visits, he brings the monkeys paw which changes the Whites lives forever and when the worker at Maw and Meggins visits, he brings the news of Herberts death. It is clear that throughout the story, Jacobs corresponds the outside atmosphere to the mood of the characters. For example, in part 3 of the story, the house is steeped in shadow and silence which is much like the couple, as there is no longer any banter or chatter bet ween them after Herberts death. For this reason, the reader is lulled into a false sense of security when they read about the wintry sun and prosaic wholesomeness at the beginning of part 2. The reader thinks that this sunny weather and ordinary atmosphere will correspond to the characters moods. However, a little later on, the Whites discover about Herberts death; this leaves the reader feeling shocked as they would have been expecting the Whites to have a normal day, when instead the Whites receive horrific news of their son passing away. Finally, we know that the house is very isolated as Mr White says at the beginning of the story thats the worst of living so far out. This adds to the suspense in part 3 of the story as we know that the Whites are alone and there is no one that can help them. Another way in which Jacobs creates horror is through his use of characterisation. Firstly, we get to see the happiness of the White family right from the beginning of the story. There are many examples of their close-knit, normal family life throughout part 1 of The Monkeys Paw such as Mr White and Herbert playing a family game of chess at the beginning of the story. The Whites are generally presented as pleasant and ordinary people. Therefore, when their first wish upon the monkeys paw comes true but at the price of their sons life, we are even more shocked at their misfortune as they seem to be just a normal family and not foolish people who have no common sense. The fact that Mr and Mrs White are elderly also adds to the sense of danger in the story as they are seen to be more vulnerable than younger people may be. In part 3 of the story, Jacobs uses contrast in the characters moods for a dramatic effect. At the beginning of the story, the couple are chatty and make jokes with ea ch other which makes a light family atmosphere. However, in part 3 of The Monkeys Paw, Mr and Mrs White have radically changed into uncommunicative couple who hardly exchange a word as they have nothing to talk about after their sons death. This huge contrast makes the reader realise the enormity of the effect that Herberts death has had on Mr and Mrs White. This effect is also portrayed through Mrs Whites newly irrational behaviour throughout part 3. She is constantly having mixed emotions she laughed and cried together which show that she is not in control of her feelings and she has wild ideas about bringing her son back from the dead. Finally, another way in which Jacobs creates drama through his use of characters is by showing that the Sergeant-Major is unwilling to talk about the paw. The Sergeant-Major is described as doughty which makes us think that that he is very brave, so his reluctance to talk about the paw shows us that if even an extremely courageous soldier is too scared to talk about the paw, then it must be an incredibly strange and frightening object that shouldnt be messed with. Jacobs also creates a sense of tension in The Monkeys Paw by building up the suspense throughout the different parts of the story. The structure of The Monkeys Paw is like many pieces of Victorian literature; it is separated into three short chapters. In part 1, we get to see how close the White family are, the monkeys paw is first introduced and the first wish is made. At this point in the story, we dont know the power of the paw so we arent as frightened as we are later on in the story. However, the Sergeant-Majors reluctance to talk about the paw leaves us with questions. We wonder if wishes on the paw do come true, why the Sergeant-Major is wary of the paw and we also wonder what wishes the Whites will make. These questions make us want continue reading the story to discover what happens. Part 2 of the story begins on a seemingly ordinary day there was an air of prosaic wholesomeness. This lulls the reader into a false sense of security because they think that they were foolish for having fears of the monkeys paw as it seems to be such an ordinary day. The tension then starts to build when Mrs White spots the suspicious and mysterious man from Maw and Meggins outside of the house. Then, when Herberts death is revealed, the reader is even more shocked because of the huge contrast to the seemingly normal start of the day. The news of Herberts death also leaves the reader with even more questions. We ask ourselves whether wishes on the monkeys paw do actually come true or if the compensation of  £200 was just a freakish coincidence. This, again, makes us want to read further into the story to find out the answer to our questions. The description at the beginning of part 3 sets the scene for the rest of the story; it is night time and Mrs White is weeping. We associate these details with badness and we therefore are expecting for something scary to happen in the next part of the story. From the moment that Mr White makes the second wish, the tension is built up throughout the rest of part 3 by the increasing speed of the knocks and Mrs Whites attempt to open the door. The suspense is only relieved right at the end of the story when Mr White makes the third wish. This way, the reader feels scared for the longest time possible which creates the greatest sense of fear. Another way that Jacobs creates a sense of horror in the story is by withholding the full information from the reader to create a sense of mystery. For example, the reader does not know if the  £200 compensation for Herberts death is related to the paw or whether it is just a coincidence. We never find this out, even at the end of the story, and so there creates an element of mystery about the whole story. We are also left wondering about other questions at the end of The Monkeys Paw, such as whether wishes on the monkeys paw actually do come true and whether Herbert did actually come back from the dead. These questions make us discuss and think about the story even after we have finished reading it, and this is a sign of a successful story. Also, Jacobs withholds information in another aspect of the story when he doesnt tell us what Herberts mangled body looks like. Jacobs writes that Mr White says I could only recognise him by his clothing when describing Herberts body. This is v ery powerful as it makes us imagine Herberts body being far more contorted and gory than Jacobs could possibly describe with words. Also, in part 3 of The Monkeys Paw, Jacobs doesnt give us any information about Herbert. Instead of writing something like Herbert the zombie approached the house, Jacobs is much cleverer in his use of language to build up the tension. He does not mention Herbert once; instead he increases the suspense by describing the fusillade of knocks on the door. This way, Jacobs keeps the mystery of the monkeys paw in tact as he does not state that the knocks are definitely coming from Herbert, for all we know, the knocking could just be a figment of the couples imagination. Finally, senses are another thing that Jacobs removes from the characters to increase the tension in the story. Depriving the characters of some of their senses in parts of the story increases the tension as the characters are having something that is vital to them removed; this increases the ir level of fear. For example, in part 3 when Mr White goes downstairs, it is very dark so he is deprived of his sight. He has to use touch and sound as his main senses to be able to get around. Jacobs writes that Mr White felt his way to the parlour before he lost the direction of the door. By removing one of his senses, he loses the direction of where he is going which shows just how fundamental senses are and what effect being deprived of them can have. Jacobs goes on to prove that that Mr White is scared at losing his direction by saying his brow cold with sweat. When Mr White is scared in this part of the story, we empathise with him which makes us feel frightened too. A reason why we empathise with the characters is the way that Jacobs uses of language. The Whites dialogue is very realistic and believable it makes the Whites seem like real people which makes the reader feel sympathetic towards them. Also, the Whites just seem like an ordinary family as they make jokes with each other and at the start of the story they are playing chess and knitting by the fire. They do not seem like greedy or foolish people so we empathise with them at their misfortune of having their wish come true but at the cost of their sons life. Another one of the main language tools that Jacobs uses in The Monkeys Paw is irony. Jacobs creates irony throughout the story which makes the eventual horror even more shocking. For example, in part 2 of the story, Mr and Mrs White seem happily contented with their lives as they are making jokes and seem to be a close couple. Then when they receive the news of Herberts death, the reader is taken aback at this news as the couple see med to have a perfectly good, normal life before Herberts death. Other examples of irony in the story are the way that Herbert says goodbye when he is going to work and the way that Mrs White makes comments about waiting for Herbert to come home. Herbert says before I come back and Mrs White says when he comes home which are both referring to Herberts return. This is ironic as they do not know that Herbert will not be returning. Another language technique that Jacobs uses to create horror is sentence structure. For example, when Jacobs is describing the Whites at the start of the story, he uses long sentences like Father and son were at chess, the former, who possessed the idea about the game involving radical changes, putting his king into such sharp and unnecessary perils that it even provoked comment from the white-haired old lady knitting placidly by the fire that go into a lot of detail to describe what is happening. However, when the story becomes more tense, Jacobs uses short sentences to show the change in pace of the story and to build up a sense of panic. For example, in part 3 when the couple hear the first knock, the suspense increases dramatically and Jacobs shows this by using a series of short, simple sentences such as A third knock sounded through the house. The final way that Jacobs uses language to create horror in The Monkeys Paw is simply through the choice of the words that he uses. The way that he describes things creates powerful, scary imagery. Jacobs can make even the most ordinary household objects seem terrifying. For example, when describing a candlestick he writes [the candle-end] was throwing pulsating shadows on the ceiling and walls, until, with a flicker larger than the rest, it expired. This description gives the most powerful sense of imagery as Jacobs makes the candle seem alive by saying that it has a pulse. The use of the word pulsating also makes the reader think of the Whites as they are very tense at this point of the s tory and their pulse rate is probably very high due to their nervous anticipation of seeing whether their wish has come true. I think that WW Jacobs is a very powerful and intelligent writer who has cleverly used every possible feature in the story of The Monkeys Paw to create a sense of horror. The literary techniques that he uses are very typical to those of most short stories written in Victorian times. Personally, I think that these techniques, such as the mystery of the unknown, are a great deal scarier and build up a much better sense of tension than present day horror stories. Modern horror films and books mainly use gore, wounds and blood to create the element of disgust that generates the most profit. However, I think that Jacobs cleverly uses subtle details and suggestion in The Monkeys Paw to develop a sense of throughout the story, and this is what creates a classic horror story that really plays with the readers mind.

Language Creativity in Everyday Conversation

Language Creativity in Everyday Conversation Transcribe the extract from CD-ROM1, Band 6: Kitchen Floor. Using this data and relevant concepts and theories from E301, discuss the extent to which language creativity can be identified in everyday conversation in English. Undid the paper ((laughter)) and (like) (.) put a little bit of salt on and I handed them to him you know and he looked at me and he didnt DARE say anything so he had to SIT and eat it with his fingers ((laughter)) which he HATES (.) But I was going to make a point of the fact that I was not going to put it on a plate and do the whole BIT and make a (his tea) [and that [like Charles when I was doing the kitchen floor you seeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [he totally // was the one who started it // said that I was mad to take on the job (.) I wouldnt do it (.) (Yeah) and he wasnt gonna help (.) LEANING on the door while he said that ((laughter)) (speech inaudible) (.) He said (1.0) Im not gonna help you with this (.) If youre gonna do it youre doing it on your own // yeah // (.) I said yeah okay (.) Theres nothing I like more than a challenge (.) [did he actually SAY it like that (.) And he actually DID do that (.) He actually stood and LEANED // yeah // against the door (.) (*inaudible*) on the other side of the kitchen telling me (.) he was depressed (.) ((laughter)) Im sweating away ((laughter)) he was off his sleeping tablets he was going to take ((laughter)) (speech inaudible) he was gonna do it on the floor ((laughter)) and meanwhile ((xxxxxxxxxxx)) ((laughter)) Its awful isnt it (.) Im laughing too much ((xxxxxxxxxxx)) Transcription conventions: (( )) = background noises (.) = brief pause [ = interruption // = speech overlap (1.0) = pause longer than half a second CAPS = emphasis Xxxxxxxxxxx = inaudible speech In this assignment, I will try to discuss relevant ideas that have come up in the course materials so far, particularly in Carters book, analyse features of this language data and in conclusion summarise my own views on creativity that are found in everyday language with reference to the data sample. First I shall attempt to analyse the transcript from the E301 audio material and later explain how this fits in with the ideas of Carter. From what I can tell, the transcript is basically a chit-chat between three women, who seem to be more than colleagues, so actually three friends. What they are talking about was rather hard to understand because firstly, they all sound the same and secondly as it is informal talk the facilitating of turn-taking is not put very clearly and instances of interruption and laughter add to the confusion. Spoken creativity may be more prevalent in certain types of social context and within certain types of interpersonal relationship. (Carter p. 147) I will also research Carters idea on the CANCODE corpus that he has linked to creativity in verbal repetition and a wide range of figures of speech like idiom, proverbs and hyperbole. According to Carter, it is not possible to define creativity an a wholly formalist way because in spoken interaction, what counts as creative use can vary according to the dynamic established as part of the dialogue. But Sacks argues that ordinary talk has to be achieved and is a human, social and creative accomplishment which is far from being ordinary. Some speech figures pass unnoticed as normal, routine and even pre-formulated units and in some cases, the same figures are drawn to the attention of the speakers. The purpose of creative language in everyday common speech is highly varied and may include: offering a new way of seeing the content of a message; making humorous remarks; underlining what is communicated; expressing a particular attitude; including negative and adversarial attitudes; making the speakers identity more manifest; playing with language form to entertain others; ending one bit of talk and starting another or simply oiling the wheels of the conversation. (Carter, p.148) Creativity almost always depends on interpretation of intentions and inferences of the participants. It is perhaps best to start by explaining how Carters model of literariness is used for the analysis because the results reveal that speech is dependant on itself and includes examples of stylistic and lexical features, words of contrast at text and sound level, parallelism, evocative descriptive language and cross-sentential repetition. The Greece Tourist Guide for example is dependant on medium and carries examples of archaic and syntactic features, emotive action words, evocative descriptive language, polysemy and displaced interaction. To put it bluntly, it is very hard, not to say difficult to measure which text is more literary except if the two texts have an identical genre. At this point I am now going to give a definition of literary language or literariness. Literary language refers to a particular language or language variety used in literature and also refers to a type of language a style or mode of expression associated with literary genres such as poetry, narrative fiction or drama, whilst literariness refers to the quality of literature or literary language. If used to refer to language in more everyday context, these terms will tend to focus on continuity with literature, such as Carters argument about a cline of literariness. (Carter, 2004) There is something in literariness known as clines. This term has a similar meaning to continuum and refers to relations along a particular dimension that are a matter of degree rather than having discrete cut-off points. Therefore this would suggest then that literariness is a matter of degree. However there is a problem suggesting that these are gradations or degrees of literariness in texts and how to measure it. As far as linguistic forms, it would seem unreasonable just to total the number of creative features used in a particular text. Whether the text is considered to be literary will not derive from the presence of more or fewer literary features and the concept of a cline or sets of clines may suggest a level of precision in the identification of literariness that is not able to be attained in practice. I now turn to Carters models of literariness. Discussing the relationship between everyday linguistic creativity and literary language brings forward the question what literary language actually is. Carter (1999) has identified three models: two established models to which he refers to as an inherency model and a socio-cultural model and more recently, a cognitive model. The inherency model sees literariness as embedding in certain properties of language: so literary language is distinct from more practical uses of language where language itself is highlighted. Jakobson (1960:356) has perceived this as the poetic function of language which focuses on the message for its own sake. This will be termed self-referential language and is language that will be referring partly to itself and not simply to entities in the external world that are the object of discussion. Even though the poetic function is quite evident in many of the examples, the researcher from whom I got this information from is of the opinion that it is the dominant, determining function of verbal art. A socio-cultural model sees literariness as socially and culturally determined; meaning it would be drawing attention to the fact that conceptions of literature vary historically and culturally. According to Eagelton, (1996) there is nothing distinctive about literary language and any text can be seen as literature if it declared by institutions or if people read it as such. Anthropological studies of literary performances in various cultural contexts also tend to take a socio-cultural view on literariness. Many studies focus on the performance in its traditional literary or theatrical sense in order to include public displays to artistic activity that are responded to aesthetically by an audience, like story-telling, song, dance or drama. However the notion is not uncommonly extended to more everyday activity in recognition of the fact that there are certain parallels between everyday and literary performance: that this notion of performance can also describe what often is found in the most ordinary of encounters, like when social actors exhibit particular attention in the delivery of a message. Cognitive models relate literary language to mental processes and according to Tannens suggestion (1989) that linguistic repetition derives from a basic human drive to repeat as a kind of cognitive argument. Cook (1994) claims that literary texts have an effect on the mind and help us to think in new ways and refresh and change our mental representations of the world: But such benefits are not confined to established literature and Cook has similar thing to say about everyday creativity or language play. In addition, Gibbs (1994) claims that human language and human understanding often are metaphorical, concluding that literary metaphor carries on and extends everyday metaphorical notions. For Carter (1999) there was some value in both inherency and socio-cultural models, and in the case of his own examples is identifies formally and in this sense is close to an inherency model. However, there is one way to find examples of verbal art in his corpus, and that is to search for instances of laughter. What people respond to as artful is consistent with a socio-cultural model and in Carters view; a cognitive model is beneficial by helping explain the prevalence of creativity in everyday language. The argument is that literariness should be seen as a cline or a series of clines and is appropriate to see texts as more or less literary rather than in terms of an opposition between literary and non-literary language. There are two main levels of creative interactions. The first is the pattern re-forming feature which is more overt, has presentational uses of figures of speech, open displays of metaphoric invention, punning, uses of idioms and departures from expected idiomatic formulations. The second pattern-forming feature is less overt, may have subconscious and subliminal repetition; parallelisms, echoes and related matchings which often result in expressions of affective convergence in implicit signals of intimacy and symmetries of feelings. Linguistic creativity is less likely to occur in contexts which involve a one-way process of information provision or professional interaction in which the main purpose is transactional and where relations between participants in a particular context might be more asymmetrical. Mapping out probabilistic in creativity onto social context is not easy to capture diagrammatically and it does not seem to allow exceptions. So it is likely that creativity will occur in informal situations. Like when colleagues working together in a department store while decorating a window together or when one discovers that the intimacy of the relationship lighten the task until the discourse becomes more populated with wordplay and creative uses of language. So, what does this tell us about creative language? It tells us four main points. Firstly, creative language use cant be captured or described or evaluated wholly by formalistic definitions. Creative functions will vary according to speakers evolving relationships, the nature of the external task demands and the changing character of social context and speech genres. Secondly, creativity is probabilistic. Creative language is more likely to occur in some contexts and in some kinds of interpersonal contact rather than in others. It would be defined with reference to an account of forms and functions but its purposes and uptake depend on a dynamic of locally negotiated processes and specific instances. These can be seen as from the outside but their meaning can only be speculated upon. This means that paradoxically, creativity is a definitely emergent, instantial category of language. Thirdly, we recognize that creativity in context is valuable but there are also many factors which constitute a context and different contextual frames which are able to work within a single context. For example humour can be a significant strategic figure which crosses over into other categorial boundaries. And fourthly, this would mean that creativity is best captured and discussed with the mind fixed on clines and continua with many points of overlap. Like in the example of the CANCODE corpus: generally speaking it is lacking in examples of language used in a working environment and in the context of business organisations. Humour is used to challenge particular practices and the role of people who have a higher position in a company. The way it works is by allowing a potentially literal statement to be made by non-literal means. But in a preliminary observation, CANCODE and pattern forming is a more female characteristic. Compared to men, women are more spontaneously creative in talk but this need to be researched more as women are not seen as to be openly contestive, adversarial or pattern-reforming in language use or to strategically use humour. As we can see, there are many ways we can identify creativity in spoken language, whether it is chit-chat between friends or in literature or even in literary contexts, creativity had many faces. Creativity can also be seen as a method on how we learn something new, for example in order to remember a progression of numbers you simply recall it by turning it into a song like Mary Had A Little Lamb. That way for example, a child from primary school would be able to remember the number progression of the number 4 by singing the tune of Mary Had A Little Lamb in his head. This method of creativity was made up for me by my mom who tried to help me in my math studies in primary school as it was my worst subject in my entire school career. Needless to say, I passed the math test with that method in primary school and even find myself using similar methods for my Open University study even today, even though it has changed a bit, but the effect has remained the same.

Utopia for the Twentieth Century :: Philosophy Marxism Essays

Utopia for the Twentieth Century There are many utopias. No one has ever seen them except in imagination, and yet they are real enough, for they have influenced our destiny over the centuries. ----- Alain Martineau The socio-political philosophy of Marx and Engels emphasizes both the capacity as well as the inevitability of oppressed peoples to take up arms in a desperate effort to do away with conditions which do not correspond to their true material and psychological needs. This is the process by which the fulfillment of Marx's species-being may eventually become a reality --- a struggle which will annihilate those circumstances which produce a great deal of misery, ending them through conflict. As one of the most successful political theories of the twentieth century in terms of the widespread influence it has had for over a hundred years now, Marxist doctrines translated into political practices have themselves contributed toward a considerable amount of human suffering, as the examples of the Bolshevik and Khmer Rouge revolutions demonstrate. While there is a great deal of justified criticism against labeling these revolutions as being authentically Marxist, the fact remains that to a larg e extent, many of the violent tactical formulas which were considered justifiable by Marx and Engels have been translated and adopted by twentieth century political movements, quite often with the result that an oppressive order is exchanged for another order which in turn becomes equally oppressive. This may be due, in part, to the fact that the tactics which Marx believed were necessary to liberate humanity and usher in utopian conditions were prescribed for the framework and social conditions of the nineteenth century Industrial Revolution in western Europe. Undoubtedly, the transition from the previous century to the present has brought with it unprecedented changes in levels of technology, economic and social conditions, political structures, environmental crises --- as well as a transformation within our individual and social consciousness themselves --- which have never before been witnessed by humanity. If Marxism is to continue to hold promise for our effort to liberate ourselves from undesirable social conditions, there is a need to adapt it so that it may address the peculiarities of the twentieth century, those which Marx himself could not have seen. Additionally, the humanist and utopian ideals of Marx and Engels, such as freedom from bondage as well as social harmon y, ought to be preserved and promoted. The contributions of twentieth-century Marxists are invaluable to us for this reason.

Analysis of a Child Essay -- Papers

Analysis of a Child This assignment describes and analyses my involvement with a 13-year-old client Joe Smith, who was temporarily supported under section 25 (voluntary) of the Children's (Scotland) Act 1995 to be Looked After and Accommodated by the Local Authority. The process of intervention will be discussed from pre-engagement, assessment and gathering of information to client interaction and networking with other agencies. Using reflection, I will critically analyse how I planned and responded to the needs and risks in regard to Joe, and assess my role and the impact of my intervention. I shall also discuss my learning outcomes and the process of supervision. The theoretical knowledge gained and relevant legislation will be considered to demonstrate how I applied these in my practice. I acted in accordance with agency policies and procedures regarding the client's rights and confidentiality, by asking the family's permission to write about the case. I advised the family that the names would be changed to ensure confidentiality and that access to the assignment would be for course purposes only. (Social Worker Records Groups 1989) I also advised the family that they had a right to read my assignment in accordance with the Data Protection Act (1998) and under section (2) of the Access to Personal Files (Social Work) (Scotland) Regulations 1989 (Mays, 2001, p379) I felt it important to inform and involve the family, as a form of empowerment and to protect the agency and myself and to ensure good practice. (Orme & Coulshed, 1998,p41) Context of Placement The Area Team is situated in the periphery of a large city, whi... ...- [1] Section 3 (1)(b) Children's (Scotland) Act 1995 [2] Section 11 of the Children's (Scotland) Act 1995 [3] Section 54(b) of the C (S) A 1995. [4] Section 52 (2) (a) of the C (S) A 1995. [5] Section 25 (1)(c) (7)(b) of the C (S) a 1995. [6] Section 25 (voluntary) C (S) A 1995 Act. [7] Section 25 voluntary of the C (S) A 1995 to section 73 (4) of the C (S) A 1995 naming the Children's Unit as the place of residence on Joe's Supervision Order. (Looked After and Accommodated Children) [8] Section 17 (3)(a) C (S) A 1995 [9] Section 17 (3) (d) s. 22 (1)(b) of the C (S) A 1995, section 30 of the Education (Scotland) Act 1980 [10] Section 17 (3) (a) of the C (S) A 1995 [11] Two counts of Breach of the Peace. Five counts of Assault involving two male and three female members of staff.

Leadership 101

John C. Maxwell is an Evangelical Christian author, speaker, and pastor. He has written over sixty books, known internationally as a leadership expert and coach. Dr. Maxwell has co-founded the company Equip, which is a non-profit leadership company. Also he founded The John Maxwell Company, known for training leaders all over the world. He speaks at many companies and different organizations throughout the years, as well write many books within that time. He has written books for people who cannot attend one of his incredible conferences. The book written by John C. Maxwell, titled â€Å"Leadership 101: What Every Leader Needs to Know. He discussed three main points important to enhancing people leadership abilities. These points include leadership development, traits of successful leader, and what type of impact a leader could have. The first point Dr. Maxwell explains his concept called â€Å"The Law of the Lid. † In this principle the lid is the leadership ability that det ermines a person level of effectiveness. The lower the lid indicates an individual lack of leadership ability which leads to poor effectiveness. On the other hand leaders with greater abilities have greater effectiveness. This means your leadership ability determines your level of effectiveness.Dr. Maxwell said â€Å"Success is within the reach of everyone, and personal success without leadership brings limited effectiveness† (Maxwell 7). Basically leadership and effectiveness goes hand and hand. The next topic Dr. Maxwell discussed in his book was the traits that every leader should posses. One important trait for leaders is self discipline. Dr Maxwell said â€Å"no matter how gifted a leader is he will never reach his full potential without the application of self discipline† (Maxwell 26). Self discipline is the ability to accomplish goals within a certain time period.In order for a leader to be successful they must be able to manage and prioritize their time to reac h their goals. Another important thing related to time manegment and leadership is where to focus your time. Dr. Maxwell also dicusses the twenty / eighty principle, which states twenty percent of your priorities, will give you eighty percent of the production (Maxwell 30). This means the top twenty percent of an individual leadership produces and the next eighty percent is spent to develop it to its greatest potential. Additional traits important for leaders include character traits and vision.Vision allows you to see the final goal that you want to obtain. A leader also needs to relate or connect with others to share that vision. The last topic Dr. Maxwell discusses was the type of impact a leader could have. A leader needs to be able to influence the people around them. Dr. Maxwell said â€Å"the true measure of leadership is influence- nothing more, nothing less† (Maxwell 61). Basically leadership is influence. Influence can be develop and use effectively to get an amazin g outcome that every leader wants to see. By having influence you can make your leadership last. A leader is a lasting value measure by succession†, said Dr. Maxwell (Maxwell 98). Leaders leave legacy of succession. As I read this book, I’ve realize I can be more effective leader by growing and also learning. As I get older, I’m getting wiser. Reading this book the points Dr. Maxwell discussed developing and traits of a leader. I have certain traits that each leader has, and I’m not using my full potential to be as effective as I can be. Dr. Maxwell asked â€Å"Will you leave a legacy? † (Maxwell 99). I know I will one day leave a legacy in the world. I just need to grow and keep learning to be a good leader.

Impact of E Government on Public Admin

The Introduction of the IRIS payroll system at the Ministry of Works and Transport was seed as the Case Study for this project; with the mall objective being to highlight the changes being experienced by public administration as a result of the revolution In communication technology. Introduction The revolution of Information Technology and Communication during the 21st Century has impacted on individuals, groups as well as organizations and businesses.While this has caused changes in people's lifestyles, it has also effected phenomenal changes in government processes and interactions with citizens, businesses, other government agencies and employees. Within the sphere of governance, Information Communication Technology applications have infiltrated into government's policies, procedures, infrastructure and its frameworks in order to enhance the delivery of goods and services to the public.Society has become more aware of obtaining effective and efficient electronic or e-government s ervices mainly because of the advent of the Internet in the sass's. Globalization and greater customer expectations have created a shift form agency- based to fulfilling the needs of the public. The successful implementation of e-government projects requires a lot of administration restructuring processes, redefining of administrative procedures and formats, which find resistance in almost all departments at all levels. † 1. Ultimately, In the long -term, e-government alms to reinforce government's Initiatives towards effective governance and Increased transparency In order to better manage the country social and economic resources for growth and development. 1 . Kananga 2004 An Overview of E-Government The e;government agenda has been widely adopted by governments of many neutrons Walt n ten expectation AT inclemency, effectiveness, accountability, transparency and convenience in the functioning of government agencies. E- Government has become both a vision and the world we l ive in. Citizen-eccentricity is about turning the focus of government around; looking at the world through the other end of the telescope so that the needs of citizens and business come first. † 2. The term e-government, short for electronic government is synonymous with digital government or connected government. It can be defined as â€Å"the migration of overspent information and services to an online delivery mode. â€Å"3. It dates back to the sass's with the introduction of information technology in the Public Sector.However it was not until the year 2000 that the conversion of the provision of information and services to electronic means took place. Three components comprise the e-government system, they are: 1 . The provision of services from Government to government (Internal) 2. From government to business (External) 3. From government to citizens (External) Some examples of e-government in action include disbursement of social security- Identification cards driver 's permits, passports; handling of government works projects as well as providing information of representatives online. . Intel , 2006 3. Oliver & sanders, 2004 Definition of E-Government There is no one definition for E-government but it ranges from â€Å"the government task of setting a valid legal framework for the effective use of the electronic media in society as well as the application of these media for public procurement, services to companies and the management of the internal organization. â€Å"l .To â€Å"the ramification process of the Public administration as a whole and of its interaction with people; this process, through Information and Communication Technologies (Sits), aims at optimizing the provision of services, at increasing participation by citizens and enterprises and at enhancing the governing ability of Public Administration itself in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. † 2. Public Administration is the executive or operative arm of the govern ment with the responsibility of carrying out their policies and directives.Therefore within the intent of e-government, Public Administration is now faced with both organizational and institutional transformations as governments move towards the creation of an International Ana Knowledge Dates collect. The use of Information Communication Technology in government, according to the European Union, aims to achieve three goals. They are as follows: to improve public services, to facilitate the democratic process by allowing greater citizen participation and to strengthen support for public policies. The change to e-government requires major organizational and structural hangs.Within the Public administration framework, numerous reforms have to be undertaken such as redefining of roles and responsibilities, rethinking services and access to them, eliminating redundant functions, developing skills and competencies in staff as well as working hand in hand with other stakeholders to delive r services that go beyond the organization . For e-government to be successful reforms and reinventions in the Public Service are imperative. However, while the technology part may be relatively easy to implement, the difficult part is the human aspect.

Masanobu Hirasawa

EXPERIENCE SUMMARY Extensive experience in mortgage origination, warehousing, securitization, market-making and risk management industries.   Demonstrated success in developing new businesses, expanding client base, controlling costs and improving profitability.   Highly-skilled in a full spectrum of mortgage-backed functions, including sales/trading, risk management, investment analysis, client presentations, cash flow modeling and performance analysis.OBJECTIVEBank management position supervising mortgage-backed properties division.EXPERIENCETOKYO STAR BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mar 2006-PresentGeneral Manager, Business Strategy & CoordinationBegan the first private mortgage conduit in Japan.   Created third-party origination (correspondent l ending) and securitization platform during my first eight months.   Identified unique emerging market opportunities in Japan and founded program to provide specialized long-term financing support in the mortgage banking industry.   Developed and launched innovative business concept to address under-served niche market and integrated new model with existing franchise.Created â€Å"Mortgage Banking & Conduit† in Corporate Finance Group and recruited professionals to underwrite, purchase and accumulate mortgage assets for re-packaging.Developed and launched two new loan products on time, including prime ARMs & hybrid ARMs and prime piggyback seconds (onto the Japanese conforming loan, â€Å"Flat 35†), which have been well received in the primary market.Established exceptional correspondent relationships with major mortgage lenders, such as SBI Mortgage, Toshiba Housing Loan, Mortgage Services of Japan, Family Life Service and Yuryo Housing Loan.   Successfully funde d 2 billion yen in new loans in 10 months.Directed the across-the-board project to create and implement a streamlined origination process.Led the team to execute all documentations for acquisitions and resolved critical legal issues including Bank Agency Law.Developed pricing methodologies, optimized profitability and controlled budget.Oversaw underwriting guidelines and maintained the quality of acquired assets.Led the project team to create loan databases, which enabled the Bank to readily off-balance its assets.SHINSEI BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Feb 2002-Mar 2006Manager, Capital Markets DivisionDirected the team managing risks of the division’s conduit businesses, including mortgage loans and securitized loan po rtfolio.   Created and reported detailed P&L, including key items like positions, hedge mark-to-markets and funding costs.   Played a key role in acquiring residential mortgage loans from the secondary market and established a mortgage-banking platform such as SBI Mortgage, Shinsei Property Finance and Rakuten Mortgage.Independently managed the division’s portfolio, worth over 1 trillion yen in market value, and hedged its interest rate and prepayment risks primarily using swaps, caps and swap options.Instrumental in growing assets from 20 billion yen to over 1 trillion yen in 3 years.   Achieved 20% annual net increase in investment income during that time.Developed a complete cash flow pricing model using INTEX and MIAC analytics to successfully acquire over 2 trillion yen of mortgage portfolios from regional banks.Set up and implemented secondary marketing functions for five mortgage correspondents, which added 15 billion yen new originations to the mortgage conduit annually.Created business plans, budgets and forecasting and made presentations to investment committees.Successfully managed a team of three pricing and risk management professionals and oversaw numerous loan database projects.MERRILL LYNCH JAPAN CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sep 2000-Aug 2001Assistant Vice President, MBS/ABS Trading and SyndicationTrader and marketer of global securitized products for Japanese and Asia-Pacific investors.   Managed trading books by way of hedging trading positions and prepared a daily offering sheet with market comments and data.   Attended sales meetings on a regular basis and extensive client management.Executed trades on U.S. pass-throughs, CMO and credit card and auto loan ABS with a volume in excess of $1 billion for the year 2000-2001.NOMURA SECURITIES INTERNATIONAL, INC., New York, NY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   July 1998-August 2000Assistant Vice President, MBS ResearchResearch analyst for the U.S. residential MBS markets and assisted traders and sales force in assessing relative value, documenting trade strategies and generating investment ideas.   Regularly wrote commentaries on market events, prepayment speeds and housing indices.HSBC SECURITIES, INC., New York, NY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jan 1998-Jun 1998Associate, Mortgage-Backed ResearchThe firm closed down its mortgage business in 2/98.   Moved to Nomura Securities along with my supervisor.BLACKROCK, INC., New York, NY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dec 1996-Jan 1998Analyst, Portfolio AdministrationLiaised with accounting agents of the firm’s institutional clients, participated in reconciliation with custodians and monitored portfolio compliance with investment guidelines and regulatory parameters.   Worked as an intern between 12/96-4/97.EducationCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NYM.A., Statistics, 1996STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, NYB.A., Mathematics, 1994Professional LicensesNASD Series 7 & 63 and JASD Level 1 & 2

Unilever

The In practice structure was having too much reliant on primary sales and relations with trade and coverage was not extensive to deliver the desired results. A new distribution structure was needed. Ha launched a project which was named ‘FERREIRA' (taken from the brand of car which symbolizes for outstanding performance with fastest speed, premium image). Hash's Background Muscular Hal joined Milliner In 1983 In Its Research Department. Alumni of Boston university, Hal was fortunate to move into new assignments after every three to four years. Hash's real success came as Marketing Manager and she was posted to theHeadquarters in detergents coordination for East Asia Pacific and Africa/Middle East region. Her exposure of more than 30 countries improved her strategic thinking. Hash's strength was her unwavering focus, determined attitude and high level of energy. On these strengths Ha was made chairman PULP In 2001 to add vitality to the untapped potential of Pakistan. Disposabl e Income In Pakistan economy was Increasing as political conditions Improved and economy showed vibrancy. Scenario at Milliner Pakistan PULP was going through post merger synergy after the acquisition of Polka and Orphan Best Foods (REF).Ha and her team with their vision started off by analyzing the industry and emerging markets. They found out that new Innovation levels were needed. Previously companies were able to achieve global leadership by acquisitions and concentration on core brands and categories. Also further cost cutting was not possible from global purchasing and growth cannot be fueled solely from centralized supply chain or information technology. This case was written by Zinnia Khan under the supervision of Mr.. Keelhaul Named, Faculty CB as the basis for class discussion rather to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative issue.For confidentially reasons dates, figures & some facts have been hypothesized but without distorting the learn ing on processes. The consumer industry in the emerging markets needed the local touch. The success formula required innovation in value creation and service levels. PULP with the help of Malaysia, Bangladesh and Brazil. They concluded that companies which lacked service levels could not achieve the success they had aimed at. Also only innovations in the service levels to the retailers and customers increased returns for the companies.Hence, the distribution model had to be redesigned and its structure was studied in four domains namely: 1 Geographic Distribution 2 Distributor Operations 3 Sales Hierarchy, and 4 Sales Monitoring System and Reporting. Company Background PULP formerly Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited was established in Pakistan in 1958. The town of Ihram Khan was the site chosen for setting up a vegetable oil factory. Milliner Pakistan is the largest FMC company in Pakistan as well as one of the largest multinationals operating in the country now operating with six fac tories located at different locations around the country.Its head office was shifted to Karachi from Ihram Khan in mid ass's. Business Areas Restructuring and consolidating activities at Milliner includes the decision to sell or withdraw many brands and concentrate on those with the biggest potential. Restructuring created the following core business areas: 1 Home and Personal Care 2 Foods 3 Beverages 4 Ice Creams 5 Best Foods Meeting every day needs of nutrition, hygiene and personal care Milliner has the following distribution of share in its product portfolio: Home Care Personal care Ice cream Beverages Spreads Savory & Dressing 26 16 8 11 100% 2 MissionLeading consumer Product Company in Pakistan, a multinational with deeps roots in the country. Attract and develop highly talented people to empower double digit growth Serve the everyday needs for foods, hygiene and beauty of all consumers Produce breakthrough innovation in brands and channel Managing responsive supply chain maxi mize value from suppliers to customers Exemplary through commitment to business ethics, safety, health, environment and involvement in the community Conventional System of Sales & Distribution Conventional system of distribution of sales in the company was focused primarily awards urban market.The growing rural and suburban markets were being ignored in terms of needed attention to get improved results. Primary sales and quantitative achievements were the key objectives and accountability in the sales team. Geographic distribution Pakistan was divided into three regions namely, Karachi, Lahore city and Islamabad. Karachi region covered Karachi, Hydrated, few cities of Shins rural, Lower Punjab e. G. , Umlaut and Coastal belt and parts of Balloonists province. Karachi contributed 25% in the overall sales and 20% of the coverage was done by Karachi.Karachi region had 82 distributors to manage. Most distributors were sole distributors of Milliner and credit was given to these distribut ors. Lahore city covered Lahore and nearby towns. Lahore had the biggest potential in terms of sales. The population was concentrated and dense. Lahore had 34 distributors to manage. Islamabad region had a vast area to cover but had less potential as compared to Lahore. It covered Islamabad, NFW and northern cities of Punjab. It had 57 Sales Hierarchy Sales hierarchy consisted of Director C&CD, National Sales Manager (NSA), threeRegional Sales Managers, 20 Area Managers and 45 Field Managers. Field Managers used to report to their Area Managers. Field Managers looked after corporate business which means managing all categories. In the urban cities, Field Managers had only one distributor under its control. However, in the rural towns one Field Manager used to look after 13, 15 or even 22 distributors at one point in time. Field Manager's responsibility was to verify distributor's redistribution claims. Administrative and commercial documentation was heavy in his Job description. Eve n at times Field 3

A South African Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A South African Investment - Essay Example On the other hand, there is a reality to the actuality that the jobs provided in that Caltex plant may have been a number of the most excellent means offered for black’s peoples and any of the other minorities that we can see in South Africa to be concerned for their families. At the same time as liberty and complete civil rights are importantly significant to every people so that they can accomplish their complete potential and assert their correct place in the earth, there are some other, extra fundamental requirements that must be fulfilled previous to one can worry regarding intellectual, religious, and other individual constitutional rights and liberties. The Caltex plants do not have any authority to set political stress on the law of South Africa to modify its policies. Monetary investment means a lot to a nation. It is an embarrassment that Caltex plant had no trouble going into a country whose rules was such a disgrace to humanity. On the other hand, the standard of e xistence for South African minorities and Blacks was shocking. They had very poor houses, were deprived of food accessibility, followed poor educational plans, had no right to follow certain jobs, and were provided income that was far less than that of South African White citizens. . â€Å"South Africa the black majority is controlled and oppressed by a white minority that comprises 18 percent of the population† (Case Study 4: A South African Investment n.d., p. 1). A number of South Africans Black people spoke of the necessity for complete liberty, that may not have been the main concern of the average people of South Africa, and it appears evenly disrespectful to suppose that â€Å"we† are right regarding what they require in the â€Å"long run.† * If you were a stockholder in Texaco or Standard Oil (now named Chevron), how do you believe you ought to vote on the three kinds of stockholder's resolutions that were proposed (the first asking Caltex to terminate its operations, the second asking Caltex not to sell to the military or police of South Africa, and the third asking Caltex to implement the Tutu principles)? Justify each of your answers fully. I have voted in support of each of the three stockholder’s decisions. While I consid er that under serviceable attitudes it may not necessarily have been the greatest option for Texaco, or Standard Oil, for Caltex to not open plants in South Africa, as an investor I need to vote according to my individual conscience. Any type of economic reward, for instance, helping to produce national earnings from the withdrawal of building or natural resources a national industry such as petroleum, looks unconscionable given the essential premise on which the administration of South Africa survives. The first decision had Caltex obligatory to stop proceeding with all processes in South Africa until the administration eliminated Apartheid totally. I have voted in support of that decision. A breakdown to create a stand and take a voice against apartheid is an apt method to participate and acquiesce in its survival